Before you start: core tuning essentials

• Know standard tuning: most six string guitars use E A D G B E from lowest to highest string. A4 is commonly referenced to 440 Hz as the concert pitch standard.
• Choose a reference: use the Beam Clip-On tuner, a tuning app, a tuning fork or another in tune instrument.
• Mute unused strings: tune one string at a time for a clean signal.
• Always tune up to pitch: if you go sharp, detune slightly below the note and bring it up again. This removes slack at the nut and tuning gears and improves stability.

How to tune a classical guitar

Nylon strings stretch more at first and respond to temperature and humidity, so expect to fine tune more often when you install new strings or when conditions change.

Step by step with a Beam tuner

1. Set your tuner to chromatic mode and reference A440.
2. Tune strings low to high: E2 A2 D3 G3 B3 E4. Pluck near the soundhole or over the lower part of the fingerboard, let notes ring and then mute while tuning.
3. Re check every string because changing one string can alter tension on the others.

Tune by ear using relative tuning

If a tuner is not available use the 5th fret method to tune relative pitch.

• Match the 5th fret on the low E to the open A.
• Match the 5th fret on A to the open D.
• Match the 5th fret on D to the open G.
• Match the 4th fret on G to the open B.
• Match the 5th fret on B to the open high E.

Advanced ear training using harmonics

Natural harmonics at the 12th, 7th and 5th frets create clear tones for cross checking string pitches. For example match the 5th fret harmonic of the low E to the 7th fret harmonic of the A when you are close with a tuner.

Classical guitar tuning tips

• Stretch new nylon strings gently with a few careful pulls then retune.
• Tune up to pitch rather than down for better stability.
• Expect small shifts with room temperature or humidity changes and check tuning before performing or recording.

How to tune an electric guitar

Electric guitars are sensitive to setup and bridge design. A clean, stable signal into your tuner will give the best results.

Step by step with a Beam tuner

1. Set the guitar volume to a level where the tuner receives a clear signal and select a pickup that gives a strong response.
2. Tune E A D G B E low to high then repeat the pass to help stabilize the neck and bridge.

Relative tuning and harmonics on electric

When a tuner is not available use the 5th fret method with the G to B exception at the 4th fret. Then refine with natural harmonics at the 5th, 7th and 12th frets.

Electric guitar tuning tips

• If your bridge is floating tuning one string will change the rest. Make several light passes across all six strings until the bridge settles at its neutral point.
• Stretch new strings gently then retune to stabilize tension.
• Check intonation after changing string gauge or action using the 12th fret harmonic and fretted comparison.

How to tune an acoustic guitar

Steel string acoustics are affected by string age, capo use and room conditions. Consistent tuning habits keep chords sounding balanced across the neck.

Step by step with a Beam tuner

1. Quiet the room so the tuner microphone hears the guitar clearly.
2. Tune E A D G B E carefully, plucking near the soundhole for a strong fundamental.
3. Re check after light strumming since string tension can equalize after playing.

Tune by ear when you need to

Use the 5th fret method then refine using 12th fret harmonics on each string to confirm the octave and relative relationships.

Acoustic guitar tuning tips

• a Shubb Capo users should place the capo close to the fret and use the lowest effective pressure then retune after putting it on as a capo increases tension and can push notes sharp.
• Replace strings when tuning becomes unstable or notes sound dull.
• Tune up to pitch to remove slack and improve stability.

Quick reference: common tuning methods

• Beam tuner: the fastest and most accurate option for beginners and live use.
• Relative tuning: 5th fret method with the G to B exception at the 4th fret. Good for solo practice and ear training.
• Harmonics: clear reference tones at 12th, 7th and 5th frets to fine tune relationships between strings.
• Intonation check: compare 12th fret harmonic to 12th fret fretted. Seek a professional setup if they do not match closely.